Does bisphosphonate increase the risk of dental pulp and periapical alterations? An emergent clinical concept from a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12662/1809-5771ri.128.5168.p9-12.2025Palavras-chave:
Radiotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Trismus, Quality of LifeResumo
Background: Bisphosphonate (Bp) are related to in vivo alterations of dental pulp, so, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of Bp use on the prevalence of dental pulp and periapical alterations.
Material and Methods: This systematic review was guided by PRISMA-2020 and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022302614). After screening 1,743 articles in 7 scientific databases (PubMed, Lilacs, Livivo, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO) and three grey-literature databases (Open Grey, Google Scholar, and ProQuest), two articles were included, and The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale Cohort Studies was used to assess the risk of bias (RoB).
Results: The two included articles were cross-sectional and a cohort retrospective study. The cross-sectional study described 13 patients in zoledronate use with 17 teeth showing dental pulp calcification (65%) or pulp necrosis (76%). The cohort study described 1,644,953 patients, a frequency of 0.52% of periapical lesions in general population and in 645 patients in use of Bp a significantly higher frequency of 1.86% (odds ratio = 3.52, CI95% = 3.25-3.82). Meta-analysis was not performed due heterogeneity of outcomes. The cross-sectional study showed a high risk of bias, and the cohort study showed a low risk of bias.
Conclusions: This emerging systematic review suggests that Bp increases dental pulp and periapical alterations. However, studies with large samples and control groups are needed.
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