Febre Maculosa por Rickettsia parkeri no Brasil: condutas de vigilância epidemiológica, diagnóstico e tratamento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v6i3.1940.p299-312.2018Keywords:
Carrapatos, Vetores de Doenças, Epidemiologia, Rickettsia, Saúde PúblicaAbstract
Introdução: A febre maculosa (FM) é uma doença infecciosa, aguda, transmitida por carrapatos, e de gravidade variável. No Brasil, recentemente, tem sido descrita uma nova FM causada por Rickettsia parkeri, cujo perfil clínico, epidemiológico e laboratorial é diferente do perfil da FM causada por Rickettsia rickettsii. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão narrativa cujo objetivo é caracterizar a febre maculosa causada por Rickettsia parkeri no Brasil, discutindo as condutas de vigilância epidemiológica, diagnóstico e tratamento. Resultados: A febre maculosa por Rickettsia parkeri no Brasil é produzida, principalmente, pela R. parkeri cepa Mata Atlântica, presente no bioma Mata Atlântica das regiões Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste, onde o carrapato Amblyomma ovale figura como o principal vetor da doença. A suspeição clínica e epidemiológica deve considerar os pacientes que apresentam doença febril e presença da escara de inoculação, associadas à visita em área de mata e ou contatos com carrapatos. A coleta de material biológico (que inclua a escara de inoculação) deve ser realizada, oportunamente, para a caracterização do agente etiológico. O tratamento com antibioticoterapia deve ser iniciado já no início dos sintomas, e todos os casos devem ser notificados ao Ministério da Saúde e investigados imediatamente. A caracterização do ambiente de infecção é importante para melhor compreensão da ecoepidemiologia da doença e desencadeamento de medidas de prevenção e controle. Conclusão: Estabelecemos um protocolo para os profissionais de saúde com as condutas de vigilância epidemiológica, diagnóstico e tratamento para febre maculosa causada por Rickettsia parkeri no Brasil.
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