Incidence of amebiasis in Brazil from 2011 to 2022

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and mortality of amebiasis cases in Brazil from 2011 to 2022, using epidemiological data to identify temporal trends and assess interventions and improvements in disease control. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive epidemiological study, conducted through data collection from the Hospital Information System of SUS (SIH/SUS) linked to DATASUS, based on state-level processing variables from 2011 to 2022 concerning amebiasis diagnoses. Results: The incidence of amebiasis showed a gradual reduction (13.42%) between 2011 and 2022. The North and Northeast regions recorded the highest incidence rates, while the South and Southeast regions presented lower rates. In terms of age distribution, children and adolescents, particularly those aged 1 to 4 years, were the most affected by the infection (30.5%), whereas mortality was highest among elderly individuals aged 80 years or older (34.6%). Regarding sanitation, urban areas demonstrated greater sewage coverage, with a notable advantage in the Southeast and South regions. Conclusion: Investments in an intersectoral approach that includes improvements in sanitation infrastructure, health education promotion, and public policies targeted at the most affected regions and populations are essential for disease control and to foster a safer and more sustainable environment for public health in Brazil.