Nursing care for individuals on the autism spectrum who have experienced sexual violence

a literature review

Abstract

Objective: To describe the nursing care provided to autistic individuals who are victims of sexual violence. Method: An integrative review with a descriptive and exploratory approach, conducted in PubMed and SciELO. The descriptors used were "Sex Offenders," "Sexual Abuse," "Sexual Violence," "Nursing Care," and "Autism." Inclusion criteria comprised full-text articles published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish between 2014 and 2024. Results: 168 articles were identified in PubMed and SciELO, which were read in full, and seven (7) articles were selected for this study. The main findings reveal the deep fragility and limitations in the care of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly when this population becomes a victim of sexual, physical, or psychological violence. It is observed that, in the context of sexual violence against individuals with ASD, factors such as sex, age, degree of spectrum involvement, or intellectual level become irrelevant. What stands out alarmingly is the universal vulnerability of this population to abuse, highlighting the urgent need for a more robust and effective support system. Conclusion: Sexual violence against individuals on the autism spectrum is a complex issue, exacerbated by difficulties in risk perception and communication. Providing adequate nursing care to these victims requires professional training, adaptation of healthcare services, and tailored communication strategies.