Chemical characterization and larvicidal effect on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) of the methanolic crude extract of guatteria punctata (Annonaceae) Leaves

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of G. punctata leaves and evaluate its larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti. Methods: Leaves were collected, dried, and extracted with methanol to obtain the crude extract. Chemical profiling was carried out using UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS, with a focus on the identification of alkaloids. The extract was tested for larvicidal activity at different concentrations against A. aegypti larvae. Results: Twenty alkaloid compounds were identified across several classes: oxoaporphine, pyrrolizidine, isoquinoline, mazaanthracene, benzylisoquinoline, and aporphine. Significant larvicidal activity was observed after 72 hours, with increased mortality at higher concentrations. The 2000 ppm dose resulted in 100% larval mortality after 120 hours. Statistical analysis confirmed a dose- and time-dependent effect. Conclusion: This is the first report of the larvicidal activity of  G. punctata against A. aegypti, and further studies using other plant parts, including essential oil, are recommended to better assess its insecticidal potential.