Facilitação Neuromuscular Proprioceptiva e o Alongamento Muscular como Modalidades Terapêuticas na Disfunção Temporomandibular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v2i3.78.p113-119.2014Keywords:
Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular, Modalidades de fisioterapia, Protocolos ClínicosAbstract
Introdução: O fisioterapeuta, integrante da equipe multidisciplinar, utiliza ampla variedade de aparelhos e recursos manuais no tratamento da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), buscando recuperar a função do sistema estomatognático. A facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP) promove o movimento funcional por meio da facilitação, inibição e relaxamento da musculatura. O alongamento muscular reduz as tensões musculares e libera os movimentos bloqueados. Objetivo: Comparar os benefícios das duas técnicas na melhoria funcional de pacientes portadores de DTM. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo intervencionista, comparativo e cego, com 12 pacientes atendidas no Núcleo de Atenção Médica Integrada (NAMI), Fortaleza-Ceará, do sexo feminino, adultas e com diagnóstico de DTM, divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos. O grupo A foi tratado com FNP (técnica de manter-relaxar e estabilização rítmica) e o grupo B com alongamento muscular passivo. O tratamento foi realizado 2 vezes na semana, durante 5 semanas, totalizando 10 atendimentos com duração de 45 minutos. Resultados: Foi verificado que as pacientes de ambos os grupos tiveram melhora do quadro clínico, com redução significativa da dor em ambos os grupos (p < 0,05) e diminuição da dor à palpação muscular no grupo B (p < 0,05). Ao final do tratamento, não houve diferença na sintomatologia, amplitude de movimento e dor à palpação muscular entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que tanto a FNP como o alongamento muscular promoveram melhora do quadro álgico das pacientes, concluindo-se que ambas as técnicas podem ser acrescentadas aos tratamentos existentes para essa disfunção.
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