Health-related quality of life in individuals with anxiety in southern Espírito Santo, Brazil

Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Anxiety

Abstract

Introduction: The growing prevalence of anxiety in Brazilian society has become a significant public health concern, affecting millions and compromising quality of life and well-being. This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its associated factors in individuals with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional household study between November and December 2021 in Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. In a representative probabilistic sample of the urban population, we collected data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as health-related habits. HRQoL was assessed using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L) instrument. Associated factors were identified through Tobit regression analysis. Results: The study included 694 individuals, of whom 309 (44.5%) reported a diagnosis of anxiety. Lower HRQoL was observed among individuals with hypertension, depression, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, or heart disease. In addition, poorer self-perceived health, frequent medical consultations, polypharmacy, and insufficient sleep were significantly associated with lower HRQoL. Conclusions: Anxiety was highly prevalent and associated with multiple sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors that negatively impact individuals’ quality of life. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated public policies aimed at improving care and well-being.