Mortality from type 1 diabetes mellitus in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2018–2023: temporal and spatial analysis

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic profile, spatial distribution, and temporal trend of mortality from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among residents of municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: An ecological time-series study using data from the Mortality Information System for the period 2018–2023 among residents of municipalities in Minas Gerais. Deaths due to 1DM were analyzed according to sociodemographic characteristics. Mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. A broken-time series analysis was performed, using segmented regression and autocorrelation correction, in addition to spatial analysis using the global and local Moran’s indices. Results: A total of 3,633 deaths were recorded, with an increase in both the absolute number and mortality rates. Higher frequencies were observed among women, the elderly, white individuals, and those with lower educational attainment. Most deaths occurred in a hospital setting with medical care. The overall temporal trend was stationary, with no significant changes after 2022. However, some macro-regions exhibited specific patterns, with a progressive increase after the breakpoint. Spatial analysis revealed heterogeneity in the distribution of rates, with no significant spatial autocorrelation. Conclusions: Mortality from 1DM in MG increased during the analyzed period, with sociodemographic and regional inequalities. The findings reinforce the need to strengthen healthcare and implement strategies aimed at reducing inequalities in disease management.