Empatia no atendimento de pacientes com fibromialgia: percepções de residentes e preceptores em reumatologia

Abstract

Introduction: Empathy is essential in medical practice, promoting a better doctor-patient relationship and greater treatment adherence. However, the lack of professional preparation to deal with complex patients, such as those with fibromyalgia, can compromise the effectiveness of care. Patients with fibromyalgia often report chronic pain and psychological symptoms and are frequently disbelieved and misunderstood by healthcare professionals. Objective: To analyze the perception of preceptors and residents in rheumatology medical residency regarding the practice of empathy in the care of patients with fibromyalgia. Methodology: This is an exploratory qualitative study involving four residents and four preceptors in rheumatology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using Bardin’s Content Analysis technique, categorizing participants’ perceptions. Results: Three thematic categories emerged: (1) residents’ knowledge of fibromyalgia and the complexity of care, (2) the importance of working in a multidisciplinary team, and (3) the influence of residents’ personality on the practice of empathy. Participants highlighted the complexity of caring for patients with fibromyalgia, the need for a holistic approach, and the importance of interpersonal skills and non-verbal communication. Conclusion: The practice of empathy facilitates a comprehensive approach to patients with fibromyalgia, valuing the emotional and social aspects of the disease. This practice is enhanced throughout the residency and reinforced by a multidisciplinary team, integrating technical skills and personal traits such as patience and listening ability.